Deontology and Utilitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Deontology and Utilitarianism - Essay Example Utilitarianism for the most part lays weight on cost-adequacy or money saving advantage investigations. For example, such examination has been applied to the issue of whether creature tests are to be allowed in the United Kingdom. The central detriment related with embracing such a tight point of view, that is exclusively focussed on the outcome prompts the acknowledgment of activities that can't be supported ethically (Purchase 309). Along these lines ethically unsuitable activities may result from the utilization of this hypothesis. Utilitarianism will in general decrease the duty of the person somewhat, and it is likewise seen to be demanding. As per this hypothesis, a person before acting or taking a choice will evaluate the general advantage that will collect to him, and whether the bliss of all the included gatherings will experience a net increment. At the end of the day, utilitarianism admonishes the individuals to profit those whose need is more noteworthy, by giving up what they have. This is clearly conflicting with the over a wide span of time social conventions (Lawson 3). The nonattendance of a qualification among pointless and required activities serves to degrade the people who cling to the fundamentals of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is of two sorts, first, act utilitarianism and second, rule utilitarianism. In both these classes, the rightness or in any case of a demonstration is resolved based on the outcomes. Additionally, in rule utilitarianism, the rightness of the standard is decided by the outcomes got from the standard (Loewy and Loewy 36). Additionally, in act utilitarianism, the rightness of the demonstration is set up by the result of the demonstration. The deontological hypothesis expects individuals to release their obligations reliably, while inspecting an ethical predicament.

Current Treatments Free Essays

Innovative advances are likely one of the most helpful things that happened to man. It has permitted individuals to live their lives simpler with the assistance of machines and projects. One territory that appears to profit by mechanical advancements is the clinical field. We will compose a custom article test on Current Treatments or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Today, the most recent improvements in medication and social insurance have given individuals the chance to live more and all the more serenely. This is prove by better drugs, determination, and treatment plans for patients. By and by, I accept that the requirement for better medicinal services drove researchers and social insurance suppliers to the improvement of ebb and flow medications. Better information in innovation likewise helped experts in building up and finding new medicines for patients. This is seen in Maguire’s (2002) study wherein he thought about two patients who has a similar sort of disease. One is a previous patient who seemed to have capitulated to the side effects of schizophrenia and couldn't improve and carry on with a typical life even with the prescriptions accessible around then. The other patient gets a more up to date medicine for schizophrenia and can return to class and live serenely. The last patient had the option to profit by the upgrades in the field of medicinal services. â€Å"With headways in such meds, patients with schizophrenia no longer need to lead a real existence completely directed by this order† (Maguire, 2002, p. 10). â€Å"Consequently, they need significant help and endorsement in treatment, to assist them with revealing side effects that commonly appear to be despicable to them and make the possibly alarming social changes that will be asked of them† (Author, p. 277). Experts in the field of human services ought to never be placated with the present medications and ought to consistently search for approaches to improve the lives of patients. This can be particularly said in the field of psychotherapy wherein current treatment plans and procedures won't generally work for each person and the changing of times influence people’s practices, which can influence the medications that were once thought as the best ones. Step by step instructions to refer to Current Treatments, Papers

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Avoid Repetition

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Avoid Repetition Recently, a prospective candidate emailed mbaMission with the following question: “What is the most basic stylistic error that candidates make when writing their essays?” Our answer: unnecessary repetition. Although repeating a word within a single sentence or in consecutive sentences does not constitute a grammatical mistake, it can still be grating to a readers “ear.” Consider this  example: “During my time at XYZ Sales, I increased productivity by 31% and increased revenue by 21%. Meanwhile, I increased my client base by an industry-leading 81%, bringing increased prestige to my firm.” Although this example aboveâ€"which uses the word “increased” four times in just two sentencesâ€"may seem like an exaggerated case, it is actually not as rare as you might think. However, the repetition can be easily eliminated and the sentences made increasingly reader friendly with just a few simples changes: “During my time at XYZ Sales, I increased productivity by 31% and revenue by 21%. Meanwhile, I grew my client base by an industry-leading 81%, enhancing my firms prestige.” The key to eliminating repetition is to first become aware of the potential problem and then gain distance from your work. By stepping away from your essay drafts for a day or two and then going back to reread them, you will gain the objectivity necessary to catchâ€"and correctâ€"this easily avoidable mistake. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Avoid Repetition Recently, a prospective business school candidate emailed mbaMission with the following question: “What is the most basic stylistic error that candidates make when writing their MBA application essays?” Our answer: unnecessary repetition. Although repeating a word within a single sentence or in consecutive sentences does not constitute a grammatical mistake, it can still be grating to a readers “ear.” Consider this example: “During my time at XYZ Sales, I increased productivity by 31% and increased revenue by 21%. Meanwhile, I increased my client base by an industry-leading 81%, bringing increased prestige to my firm.” Although this exampleâ€"which uses the word “increased” four times in just two sentencesâ€"may seem like an exaggerated case, it is actually not as rare as you might think. However, the repetition can be easily eliminated and the sentences made increasingly reader friendly with just a few simple changes: “During my time at XYZ Sales, I increased productivity by 31% and revenue by 21%. Meanwhile, I grew my client base by an industry-leading 81%, enhancing my firms prestige.” The key to eliminating repetition is to first become aware of the potential problem and then gain distance from your work. By stepping away from your essay drafts for a day or two and then going back to reread them, you will gain the objectivity necessary to catchâ€"and correctâ€"this easily avoidable mistake. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

Essay on Descartes - Meditations - 1640 Words

In the Meditations, Rene Descartes attempts to doubt everything that is possible to doubt. His uncertainty of things that existence ranges from God to himself. Then he goes on to start proving that things do exist by first proving that he exists. After he establishes himself he can go on to establish everything else in the world. Next he goes to prove that the mind is separate then the body. In order to do this he must first prove he has a mind, and then prove that bodily things exist. I do agree with Descartes that the mind is separate from the body. These are the arguments that I agree with Descartes. In his six Meditations, only four contain his argument about corporeal things and establishing himself as a thinking thing.†¦show more content†¦Say one imagines x, imagining x equals understanding x plus being aware of x by his judgement. Descartes says that a triangle can be imagined, but a chiliagon (thousand-sided figure) can only be understood. A peculiar sort o f effort is required to imagine, beyond what is required to understand. Now he attacks the notion of bodies existing. He says, The way of thinking that I call ‘sense give us a reason to think bodies exist? Descartes attacks this the answer of this question in three ways: to repeat what was formerly believed and the grounds for them, to consider why they were brought into doubt, and to determine what must now be believed. Regarding the first point, a long list of beliefs is given: my body, pleasurable effects, appetites, primary and secondary qualities, and different bodies. He then goes on to say that since it seemed impossible that they came from himself, it remains that they came from other things, and the only kind that to his mind are those which resemble the ideas themselves. He also says the ones own body seems in a privileged position, in that one can never separate ones self from it, and it is the seat of appetites, feelings, pleasure and pain. There is no evident c onnection between feelings of hunger and the nourishment of bread. HeShow MoreRelated The Meditations by Rene Descartes1003 Words   |  5 PagesIn Descartes’ Meditations, his goal to prove the existence of things could only be accomplished if he was logical, clear, and correct in his thoughts and writings. The most important issues he noted were the threat of being deceived and the potential of being incorrect in his judgments, both of which would lead him into error. Error exists as a problem that individuals encounter on a regular basis, and it also exists as a focal point in Descartes’ Meditations. Descartes defines error as â€Å"a privationRead More Descartes - Meditations Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pages In the Meditations, Rene Descartes attempts to doubt everything that is possible to doubt. His uncertainty of things that existence ranges from God to himself. Then he goes on to start proving that things do exist by first proving that he exists. After he est ablishes himself he can go on to establish everything else in the world. Next he goes to prove that the mind is separate then the body. In order to do this he must first prove he has a mind, and then prove that bodily things exist. I do agreeRead MoreEssay on Descartes Meditations1018 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes Meditations Descartes meditations are created in pursuit of certainty, or true knowledge. He cannot assume that what he has learned is necessarily true, because he is unsure of the accuracy of its initial source. In order to purge himself of all information that is possibly wrong, he subjects his knowledge to methodic doubt. This results in a (theoretical) doubt of everything he knows. Anything, he reasons, that can sustain such serious doubt must be unquestionable truth, andRead More Descartes Meditations Essay2147 Words   |  9 PagesDescartes Meditations In Descartes’ meditations, Descartes begins what Bernard Williams has called the project of ‘pure enquiry’ to discover an indubitable premise or foundation to base his knowledge on, by subjecting everything to a kind of scepticism now known as Cartesian doubt. This is known as foundationalism, where a philosopher basis all epistemological knowledge on an indubitable premise. Within meditation one Descartes subjects all of his beliefs regarding sensory data and evenRead MoreEssay on Descartes Meditations1153 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes Meditations The way Descartes chose to write this piece literature captivated me. Descartes was a very intelligent man who wanted to make sense of the world he lived in. The format he used was unusual. It seems to me that he may have used this format, which is a replication of the book of Genesis in the Bible, to have a deeper and more profound impact on the reader. There are many similarities between Descartes Meditations and the first book of the Bible, Genesis. ForRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1961 Words   |  8 PagesIn Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy, I will be considering if Descartes resolution to the â€Å"dreaming argument† seems acceptable to trust. The First Meditation is where the â€Å"dreaming argument† is first mentioned and then gets resolved later in the Sixth Meditation and the Objections and Replies. I will be touching on the idea that our experiences could be dreaming experiences based on personal experiences an d thoughts I have had regarding this topic. Then I will go on to explain how it isRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Descartes Meditations1698 Words   |  7 PagesDescartes Meditations is said to be the beginning of Western Philosophy. His writings are still greatly referred to to this day, and he is most famous for his quote â€Å"cogito ergo sum† which translates to â€Å"I think, therefore I am.† Each of Descartes’ meditations are followed by objections from other theologists and philosophers, and thereon followed by replies from Descartes. Some objections are made stronger than others, for example, Thomas Hobbes, and it could be doubted whether or not DescartesRead MoreThe Meditations By Rene Descartes1384 Words   |  6 PagesRenà © Descartes main goal in the Meditations is to establish that one exists and that a perfect God exists. However, he first argues that the idea that everything perceived around one could be false because the senses are sometimes decei ving. In the first Meditation, Descartes introduces skepticism and brings forth a method of doubt in which he evaluates his beliefs, and questions whether they are true or false and why they should be doubted. He presents various hypothesis that prove there is reasonRead MoreDescartes Meditations Of First Philosophy857 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Joao Philosophy- 201 Mr. Jurkiewicz 4 March 2016 Descartes’ - Meditation #2 Rene Descartes was a French philosopher born in 1596. He is considered by many the father of modern philosophy and continues to have tremendous influence in the philosophical world to this day. The book, Meditations of First Philosophy, consist of six meditations and describes one meditation per day for six days. In meditation two, he claims that we have better knowledge of our own minds than of the physicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Descartes s The Meditations Essay1580 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the Meditations, Descartes successfully establishes methodical doubt about math and all sensory information, however, his answer to the doubt cast by the Evil Demon ploy does not fully relieve the dilemma of skepticism that his intense application of doubt has brought forth. Ultimately, Descartes is unable to satisfactorily answer the Evil Demon doubt because his argument does not prove that God’s existence would not prevent the serious errors in judgment and perception caused by t he Evil

Modern Views Challenge Traditional Views Essay example

Modern Views Challenge Traditional Views Previous generations thought they knew what was true and what was right. We know today that they were often wrong. The old authorities have lost their authority. Nothing is certain anymore. (a) Outline some textual, religious, ethical, or philosophical issues from your studies in which traditional views are challenged by modern views. In the early 1950s, questions like Does God really exist? werent even thought of. Theories such as Evolution or The Big Bang would have been considered as just a silly made up story or a pack of lies. Why?†¦show more content†¦The independence of these stories and sayings gave rise to scholars referring to them as units, or units of tradition. The recognition of different forms raised the question of how these unit structures developed in the way they did. Such a study is the essence of form criticism. The early church has also played a big part in the doubting society we have today. Form critics argue that these forms could be explained by examining the role of the early church in the transmission of the oral material. The Early church used the material to suit their needs and situations within the church community and the clergy, often taking the material out of its original context. Sitz im Leben (life situations) is the term used to refer to these possible early church circumstances. If then it is possible that the Early Church could have changed, rejected, selected, and adapted some material, how can every word of the gospels, or even the whole bible, be literally true. However it is not just the Early Church that could have changed their material. Redaction Critics take it one step further, and look at the synoptic writers not just as mere collectors or editors but also as creative gospel writers, using material for their own purposes. It seems likely that as the gospel writers concentrated onShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde773 Words   |  4 Pagespreferences. The author uses the traditional efforts of finding a marriage partner to illustrate the conflicting pressure of Victorian values and the changing presence of modern thought. In the first act, Wilde portrays the characters of Algernon, Earnest (who is actually Jack), and the butler Lane to discredit the romantic notion of being married. Using the careless opinions from the butler, Lane and the mention of divorces by Algernon to challenge the changing moral views on marriage. In the phraseRead MoreReview Of Margaret Atwood s Bluebeard s Egg1086 Words   |  5 Pageswritten by Charles Perrault. Atwood’s revision differs from the traditional tale of â€Å"Bluebeard† in that it takes place in a modern day setting instead of a fantastical environment, it lacks magical elements and it is a narrative that is told through the third person point of view instead of omniscient. â€Å"Bluebeard’s Egg† explores the themes of, infidelity, ingenuity, concealment, and curiosity by shifting the fairy tale into a modern, middle-classed environment so her readers can find it more relatableRead MoreTechiniques Used in This Is Love and Leaving P rince Charming Behind by Karlo Mila870 Words   |  4 PagesParticular techniques are used in the poems: ‘Leaving Prince Charming Behind’ and ‘This is Love’ by Karlo Mila to challenge the views of what love actually means which is held by society. ‘Leaving Prince Charming Behind’ is about a girl that was in a relationship which appear perfect on the outside, with a partner that played the perfect role but did not feel comfortable in the relationship, while ‘This is Love’ is about a girl who had all these misconceptions of love and is guided by her partnerRead MoreArt Essay 21433 Words   |  6 Pages‘What I like so much about contemporary art now is its ambiguity, its uncertainty. It is precisely this quality that engages and unsettles us’ – Benjamin Genocchio, art critic. How does this view challenge traditional ideas about art? Discuss particular works such as installations, happenings and site-specific works. Audiences make pretentious judgements on artworks due to their ambiguity and uncertainty. However, traditionally site-specific art was created to exist in a specific place, ratherRead MoreThe Significance Of The Enlightenment And Modern Judaism1420 Words   |  6 PagesQns 2. Explain and critically evaluate the significance of the Enlightenment to the development of modern Judaism. The Enlightenment and Modern Judaism Sapere aude! The Rise of the Enlightened man. The Enlightenment also known as the Haskalah movement began in the 18th century. In his 1784 essay entitled: â€Å"Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?†, Immanuel Kant (1959) described the Enlightenment as ‘‘man’s release from his self-incurred tutelage. Tutelage is man’s inability to make useRead MoreThe Liberal Arts: Creating a Citizen for a Community Near You1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe view of what college is and what the experience of college offers, differ dramatically between an individual and the society he or she lives. College has traditionally been viewed as the place young adults go to find themselves, find their career, and start their adult lives. Some have argued that education has veered too far away from tradition, while others argue that the whole idea of Liberal Education needs to keep evolving to meet the demands of the modern world. Those in favor of changeRead MoreThe Decline Of Marriage And Family Life1347 Words    |  6 PagesThe concept of a traditional American family has been profoundly changed over the last 100 years. Fewer marriages are forming, divorce rates are higher than ever, and childlessness is much more common. The decline of marriage and family life seems to be the inevitable product of progressive ideas and modern socio-political conditions. Feminist and contemporary liberal critics of marriage and family life appeal to individual rights, liberty, consent, equality, and love as they seek to dismantle andRead MoreDesdemona - Virtuous Woman or Modern Woman Challenging Oppressive Societal Values?989 Words   |  4 Pagesprogressive woman who contributed to her downfall by being outspoken and challenging the position of women in her time. Both readings are relevant to contemporary society especially when you take into consideration the role feminism has played in shaping modern thinking and the number of abusive relationships portrayed in our media. However as will be shown, con temporary society feels more comfortable viewing women as innocent, pure and good and therefore a reading of Othello, which perceives DesdemonaRead MoreHistorically Australian Indigenous Art Is Often Politically or Spiritually Motivated.856 Words   |  4 PagesNakamarra Marks, who uses traditional techniques and motives to relay her spirituality, and Tony Albert, who recontextualises mainstream items, to create a postmodern collection, challenging the idea of stereotypical representations in mainstream culture. All spiritual beliefs in Aboriginal culture relate back to the idea of creation and dreaming. The dreaming is the ongoing cultural and spiritual progression that informs identity and knowledge, which is expressed through traditional indigenous art. ThisRead MoreComparing Two Perspectives of Management1433 Words   |  6 Pages The four skills which may assist managers to achieve these organisational goals are planning, organising, leading and controlling. Traditional vs. Modern Perspectives The practice of management can go back as far as 3000 BC. It developed over thousands of years from Traditional style of management to Modern today. Traditional Perspectives Traditional Perspectives includes (Samson Daft, 2009): 1. Classical Perspectives – concentrates on making the organisations an efficient operating

Analysis Of The Article The Case For Reparations

In the article, â€Å"The case for Reparations† by Ta-Nehisi Coates, the author examined African American history as it relates to slavery and oppression. The article discussed slavery experiences, unjust laws, current issues, and reparation ideas. Coates (2014) examined past events that occurred to prevent African Americans from being equal to whites. According to Coates (2014) African Americans were vulnerable because they did not have protection from law. The article discussed how African Americans suffered many loses due to whites such as voting rights, taxes, and property lost. African Americans were still at a disadvantage when certain laws were put into place in their favor. Coates (2014) gives great insight of the unfairness and hardships. The article also gives great examples of current issues that African Americans encounter in today’s society, such as health care and employment. Coates (2014) main purpose is to encourage readers that African Americans deserve compensation for years of oppression. The author also believes that reparation is necessary and would be very beneficial. The author uses the term â€Å"Reparations† repetitively in the text. According to the text the word â€Å"reparation† means to make amends. Coates (2014) also refers to reparations as compensation. America should take responsibility and pay the price for the mistreatment to African Americans (2014). Coates (2014) does not only mean monetary compensation but acceptance and acknowledgement. The authorShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article The Case For Reparations 1264 Words   |  6 Pages The article, â€Å"The Case for Reparations†, presents itself with a commendable representation on how the need for reparations is essential when combined with the brutal history of slavery and progression of blacks in American Society after slavery. Ta- Nehisi Coates argues that the relationship between racial identity and reparations is based upon America’s debt to blacks for the countless years of injustice. With this he demonstrates how white supremacy has ultimately used impractical measures toRead MoreTo What Extent Can Reparations Affect The Quality Of Life For African Americans? Essay1645 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent can reparations affect the quality of life for African Americans? In the present paper a clear link will be made between segregation and slavery and an increased poverty rate in African Americans now, as well as an analysis of previous historical instances of reparations and how other instances of reparations from slavery set a precedent for reparations for African Americans. There will also be mention of past historical precedent and how, when reparations were given prior, theyRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Holocaust1391 Words   |  6 Pages GERMAN REPARATIONS Historically, there has been many groups of people who have received reparations for past wrongdoings. There have been a few isolated incidents, such as the Rosewood event, where African Americans were harmed and received reparations; however, reparations have also been given on a much larger scale. Ta-Nehisi Coates is a national correspondent at The Atlantic, and he has written books along with countless articles on African Americans and equally. Coates is one of the mostRead MoreAmnesty International : For Survivors Of Wartime Rape1728 Words   |  7 PagesAmnesty International: WHEN EVERYONE IS SILENT: REPARATION FOR SURVIVORS OF WARTIME RAPE IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. Amnesty International Publications (2012). Amnesty International’s purpose is â€Å"to analyze the failure of the authorities to respect the right to reparation of survivors of wartime rape.† (AI) This purpose is legitimate as out of the tens of thousands of women who were victims of wartime rape, â€Å"fewer than 40 cases have been prosecuted.† (AI) The governments of BosniaRead MoreEssay about Union Carbide799 Words   |  4 PagesStakeholder analysis, specifying to the extent or degree stakeholders should be held responsible for the accident. According to Article 14 of UN Norms, transnational corporations and other business enterprises are responsible for the environmental and human health impact of their activities. The commentary of the article states in detail the concrete measures to be taken in this regard. Article 18 asks on transnational corporations and other business enterprises to make reparations for damagesRead MoreThe System Of Collective Rights1873 Words   |  8 Pagesnature of the rights involved. However, not rarely it ends up being unsuccessful, so that the pecuniary reparation remains. In these cases, it seems that the system created a safeguard, by predicting that the amount from convictions in class actions, or the leftover values after individual executions are filled should be directed to funds – that, in turn, would be in charge of seeking reparation. This would be a Brazilian fluid recovery, inspired by the US system of fluid recovery. It seeks to repairRead MoreEssay on How Did Sohan Lal Effectively Manage Village Affairs1272 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿1. How did Sohan Lal effectively manage village affairs, despite any formal education in management?   Support your answers with specific situations from the case. How did Sohan Lal, the chairman of Sitara managed to become an important person in the village despite his lack of education? With creativity. Sohan Lal is a very creative person not only does he manage to resolve different kinds of situations but also manages to get the support of different entities, organisations and people with persuasionRead MoreThe Election Day Is Near Essay1654 Words   |  7 Pagesobligations the new president, no matter who it is, must fulfill immediately, if not sooner--a list longer than that the FBI compiled of Hillary Clinton s 33,000 deleted emails. Their demands, most likely large enough in monetary ransom alone (reparations) to fiscally bankrupt our Treasury, will be ceremoniously presented to the new president in the Oval Office within hours of the swearing in ceremony. (A similar ceremony will later be later conducted on the steps of the Capital and any DemocratRead MoreQuestions On The Law Of International Peace And Security2550 Words   |  11 Pages Although article 16 of the ICC’s statute provides for deferral, the deliberations of the Kenyan deferral requests bring out critical legal issues and gaps that need to be addressed. Article 16 reads as follows, ‘No investigation or prosecution may be commenced or proceeded with under this Statute for a period of 12 months after the Security Council, in a resolution adopted under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations has requested the Court to that effect; that request may be renewed byRead MoreFair Trial Advantages1242 Words   |  5 Pagesthe right to life and liberty and the prohibition against torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. All persons must have equal rights of access to the courts and tribunals, including access to remedies and reparations. Justice must be administered in a way that achieves fairness for all, regardless of the identity of the parties to the proceedings or the nature of the proceedings them selves. Criminal charges, or a person’s rights and obligations in a suit at

Globalization Discourses and Performance Measurement †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Globalization Discourses and Performance Measurement. Answer: Introduction: This report would take into account the opportunities along with threats that is being generated by globalization. This design would be ably supported with the help of a MNC from the markets of emerging nature. This report would be focusing on Alibaba.com which has its base in China and has been productively establishing itself in the global market through the process of innovation and strategic plans of marketing. The report would be highlighting the fact the ways Alibaba.com have been able to recognize the opportunities and threats existing in the global market of Australia for spreading its wings in that market. Moreover, the report would be contrasting the dissimilarity between setting up of the market within the home country and host country. Porters Five forces along with PESTLE analysis would be sued in evaluating the external and developed factors of both China and Australia. Alibaba Holding Limited, an e-commerce company is based in China that is in the business of facilitating the transaction of services between two units. This e-commerce organization has been offering consumer to consumer services, business to business and business to consumer services of sales through its global website. Another service that is being provided by the organization takes in the search engine shopping, services of electronic payments and data services of cloud computing. It was in the year 1999 that Alibaba started its journey through the initiation of the website alibab.com that gathered proceeds of $170 billion in the year of 2012 (Brewster, Mayrhofer and Smale 2016). Alibaba has become the biggest retailer on global basis having its operations in more than 190 countries. The e-commerce business has become the governing online retailer internationally through attaining of sales revenue outside the worlds most admired organizations taking in eBay and Amazon. The strategy that has been deployed by the organization is to act as the catalyst between the buyers and suppliers through attaining of trust among them (Bremmer 2014). Alibaba has been acquiring consumers trust through the pioneering and dependable online policy. The organization mainly works on the following core values: Customer First: Alibaba has been developing services that are mainly customer-centric along with pleasing all their requirements. Alibaba has been developing an inventive online platform through the customers can buy goods from anywhere across the globe. The web gateway also allows payments in the course of online through the system of electronics payment. Thus, purchasers can buy goods along with materials by production of the services through Alibaba.com. Teamwork: Alibaba has been developing its services and function that are aligned with the newest trend. Alibaba has been effectively integrating the digital technology in the web portal. Integrity: Alibaba is a company that has been carrying massive online transactions on global basis for which it needs to preserve its integrity. The company has been able to incorporate an efficient process of verification for its client that tales the details of the company for building up mutual trust between the client and the company. Commitment: Alibaba has been fully committed in serving its business clientele and has been consistently working in enhancing the operations of its business for better serving them. Passion: Alibaba has been passionate in bringing the digital alteration globally through its retail online and payment services. Industry Analysis: Porters Five Forces develops an analytical view of the companys chances and prospects while entering into the new market. The company needs to focus on the following factors so that they get an overview of the current market trend. The industry is having higher returns owing to which abundant firms have been making efforts in imitating the model of business for Alibaba.com. The segment of business to business has augmented over the period of past few years which has been able to motivate the new players for entering into the market (Cooper and Ezzamel 2013). To enter into the e-commerce market, a company first requires in identifying the target market for the detailed industry. There has been existence of other firms like finechemical.com and textilehome.com for the compound and textile industries respectively. These e-commerce organizations have been targeting only the smaller share of Alibaba.com and have no intent in targeting the broader segment of the market. The strength of the customer to compel the firm through their power and authority is stated to be the bargaining power of buyers. Alibaba.com boasts of medium and small enterprises as their customers not having their own websites. Alibaba has been setting its own standards that have been governing the medium and small sized firms, therefore these firms enjoy freedom in setting their own conditions and terms (Smith and Zheng 2016). Therefore these firms do not have the capability in putting enough pressure on Alibaba.com. On the other hand, the firms who are having their own websites are in the best position for exerting pressure on Alibaba.com for the factor of prices along with certain other terms and conditions. Thus, they consult with Alibaba for having some of the factors within their support. For a firm, the suppliers can be labors, raw materials supplier and mechanism that could apply pressure over the company (Brewster, Mayrhofer and Smale 2016). The suppliers could augment the raw materials price for the exclusive sources within the firm. Alibaba is not a company that has suppliers because it is one of those e-commerce organizations that have been relying on the advertising and marketing factor for its business. The company is in the habit of advertising itself through the help of websites, magazines along with newspapers that can only demand the prices of the market from the company (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley 2015). Thus, Alibabas suppliers have a limited bargaining power. Availability of Substitutes: Customers are in the habit of finding the substitutable products within the range of lower prices; they generally tend towards switching over to them. Alibabas product substitutes are those company websites that have the ability in attracting the customers, especially those who directly want to trade with the production company without any form of intermediary (Edwards et al. 2016). The determinants of the industrial factors are the competitive firms within any industry. The rival firms contend with the firm through the help of the exclusive campaigns of marketing for attracting the consumers. Alibaba faces stiff competition from search engines of free nature like Baidu.com and Google. The customers generally prefer using these sort of websites rather than Alibaba for which Alibaba could be recurring certain amount of losses. PESTEL analysis would be assisting in understanding the issues encountered by Alibaba in the market of China through assessing the political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal features. Political factors take into account the policy structure of the government within the country. China is one of the emerging economies and initiated the policy of insurgency and aperture for providing an opportunity to the private players within the country. The country boasts of a communal form of government for which the private players have been facing issues related to facilities of credit for the factor of business growth. The private players have been contributing a considerable part of the revenue towards the countrys economic growth in the past few years for which the government intended for the private players. The government has done enough in supporting the establishment of the private players like that of Alibaba.com. There has been a forecast that Alibaba would be expanding at a faster rate in the Chinese market which is deemed to be one of the worlds largest markets. Economic Factors: Chinas economy has been expanding over the period of past thirty years with enough consistency, making China the second largest economic globally. In the year 2013, the value of GDP of the country was $9.2 trillion (Zhu, Zhu and De Cieri 2014). The rate of growth of the GDP is around 9 per cent having lower rate of inflation. Chinas growing economy has been the factor for the expansion of Alibaba.com, receiving full help in entering new markets. Companies along with the brands are being boosted due to the fact of cheaper labor cost. The demographics of the growth of population along with the variation in the distribution of age are altered and they can play significant role on the countrys social and cultural aspects. They do have great prospective in changing the social and cultural trends of a country. China is one of the countries where internet is being used widely in most of its rural areas and cities. People have started using the latest technologies for doing online shopping with several websites like Alibaba.com and Taobao featuring there for people to go along with their online shopping (Smith and Zheng 2016). E-commerce has changed the way local people do their shopping under present circumstances. There are certain technological factors that are implicated in the development of fresh products, buying of new mechanisms along with new production technology like the internet. China has issues as it does not comprise of a safer online system of payment for which the Chinese buyers have to encounter higher level of ambiguity along with experiencing the orientation of longer term. Companies like Alibaba.com need to focus on their online payment gateway so that people feel safe while doing online transactions. Moreover, as per Sheldon and Sanders 2016, the market in China experiences lower credit card infiltration within China which is being widely used across the globe as one of the most effective means of first payment. The environmental factor has a deeper impact as people have consciousness about the protection of the environment. The stipulation of the products online can assist in increasing the usage of the e-commerce websites like Alibaba.com and do the shopping online through placing of the orders instead of visiting the shops. The e-commerce has been flourishing over the period of past few years with the government working on the formulation of the e-commerce legal structure. China has been working on the drafting of the legislation of e-commerce on several aspects like the logical property rights protection and tax. The efficient legislation is much required for the development of the e-commerce and preventing online theft and cheating. PESTEL Analysis: Australia The political situation of Australia is certainly challenging as the country boasts of several bureaucracy levels. The Australia government is relatively open for the entry of private companies like Alibaba but without compromising on the quality of the products or the services desired by the Australian people. Therefore, Alibaba requires settling all the formalities with the governments and illustrating the advantages of the Australian market. The Australian economic condition is of favorable nature with the economy growing at a decent velocity. Apart from the macro factors, certain micro economic factors like the supply-demand and employment is also augmenting, thus the disposable income of the Australians is on the rise. The booming economic condition has been attracting the global companies from every corner of the planet aiming to expand their business within the market. Lifestyle and alterations in the consumer have left Australia post services pursuing the developments in the e-commerce market and careworn in staying pertinent in present day evolving consumer and retail market (Chiang, Lema?ski and Birtch, 2017). Australia post is realigning its organizational policy in becoming a partner for the e-commerce in Australian market. New alliances forming with the powerhouses emerging within the Australian market like shaping trade associations with the Chinese wholesaler giant Alibaba for augmenting the foreign market of retail export within Australia. The people of Australia are inclined towards the use of new technology. Thus the people take great interest in being attracted towards the versions that are technologically advanced of the e-commerce (Zhu, Zhu and De Cieri 2014). As more technology is being used by the e-commerce organizations for the people to have a unique experience of online shopping, the more would be the registration of the online shoppers. The concerns about the environment are not that major in the sector of e-commerce as per the standards of the government. Positive image of the brand of the foreign companies like Alibaba would be having affection of the people and thus would be attracting majority of the new customers. Home versus Host Country effect on HRM: The notion of global competition has been able to force business in altering the ways they have been dealing with themselves within their home territory and abroad. Advancement in technology accompanied with high speed of communication plays a significant role in the changes (Minbaeva et al. 2014). The global manager does play the role of a local manager, but he requires more adjustments to the variables and environment. Global managers require addressing broader range of activities than their local equivalent. These take into account the procedure of international taxation, collaborating with the exchange rate and foreign rates, global rescheduling along with the orientation program at global basis for all the employees who are being posted overseas. The HR managers who have been working in the backdrop of global scenario have been encountering certain issues with HR and the employees who have been fitting into more than one single nationality (Cuervo-Cazurra and Ramamurti 2014). The HR managers within the domestic scenario have been administering the HR programs from one single nationality. The HR manager of Alibaba working in Beijing would be catering to one set of HR policies to that working in Shanghai. However, a HR manager working in China would be catering to a varied HRM system than someone in Australia. For the international business managers they require greater involvement in the personal lives of the employees. The HR manager of Alibaba.com working in China needs to guarantee that the executive who is being positioned in Australia understands all the traits of the compensation package provided in the global project like cost of living and tax factor. It is up to the HR manager for reviewing the enthusiasm of the family of employees in relocating, providing support to the family in modifying themselves with the global culture through the training in cross-culture. The international business managers need to tackle with more external than their domestic complements. For example, the overseas staffing practices, local codes of conduct and impact of the religious groups. If Alibaba.com has been planning to do business in Germany and they have been sanctioned license for the same, the Chinese company would be legally obliged in offering employment to the people of Germany. Conclusion: Globalization does impact companies that are coming out of the emerging economies like Alibaba from China. The global market does present with opportunities and other diversifications, however certain issues does exist for it to deal with for the purpose of its survival. Managers require extensive training for being able to sustain the pressure of global market. MNCs from the emerging economies need to have skilled people along with latest technologies in making large internationally. Reference: Bremmer, I., 2014. The new rules of globalization.Harvard Business Review,92(1), pp.103-107. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W. and Smale, A., 2016. Crossing the streams: HRM in multinational enterprises and comparative HRM. Human Resource Management Review,26(4), pp.285-297. Chiang, F.F., Lema?ski, M.K. and Birtch, T.A., 2017. The transfer and diffusion of HRM practices within MNCs: lessons learned and future research directions.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,28(1), pp.234-258. Cooper, D.J. and Ezzamel, M., 2013. Globalization discourses and performance measurement systems in a multinational firm.Accounting, Organizations and Society,38(4), pp.288-313. Cuervo-Cazurra, A. and Ramamurti, R. eds., 2014.Understanding multinationals from emerging markets. Cambridge University Press. Edwards, T., Snchez-Mangas, R., Jalette, P., Lavelle, J. and Minbaeva, D., 2016. Global standardization or national differentiation of HRM practices in multinational companies? A comparison of multinationals in five countries.Journal of International Business Studies,47(8), pp.997-1021. Hirst, P., Thompson, G. and Bromley, S., 2015.Globalization in question. John Wiley Sons. Minbaeva, D., Pedersen, T., Bjrkman, I., Fey, C.F. and Park, H.J., 2014. MNC knowledge transfer, subsidiary absorptive capacity and HRM.Journal of International Business Studies,45(1), pp.38-51. Sheldon, P. and Sanders, K., 2016. Contextualizing HRM in China: differences within the country. Smith, C. and Zheng, Y., 2016. Chinese MNCs globalization, work and employment.Flexible workforces and low profit margins: electronics assembly between Europe and China, p.67. Warner, M. ed., 2013. Human Resource Management with Chinese Characteristics: Facing the Challanges of Globalization. Routledge. Zhu, J.S., Zhu, C.J. and De Cieri, H., 2014. Chinese MNCs Preparation for Host?Country Labor Relations: An Exploration of Country?of?Origin Effect. Human Resource Management,53(6), pp.947-965.

Serial Killers Research Paper Example

Serial Killers Paper A serial killer is an individual who has killed three or more people over a period of time and whose motivation for murder is mainly based on emotional satisfaction. Serial killers have a callous exploitative personality with no emotions and have no ability to feel guilt of anything they do. Some scientists have argued that psychopathy is genetically determined, and the individuals have little power to control its effects. Others have disregarded this outlook of the issue due to lack of significant abnormality in serial killer’s brains. Studies of majority of serial killers have revealed that there is reduced connectivity between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex leading to fewer emotions after processing of negative stimuli (Fox Levin 2014). People with this deficit do not feel embarrassed or nervous after being caught up engaging in inhuman acts. The serial killers only suffer from physical pain and not emotional pain. Psychopaths experience difficulties when following rules of morality irrespective of great knowledge and understanding of the rule. Unlike psychotics, psychopaths do not suffer from any form of mental disorder and suffer from personality disorder. Unfortunately, personality disorder is more difficult to cure when compared to mental disorders affecting the psychotics. Some of the world’s major serial killers normally work on calculated and manipulative strategies that indicate an absence of any mental disorder. They do not suffer from hallucinations and delusions (Goodwill Alison 2005) Gunness Belle Gunness Belle was little known in USA before emigrating there from Norway between 1881 and 1886. It is alleged that she had got pregnant at the age of 17, and the boyfriend had beaten and hence caused a miscarriage. It is rumored that the man who had kicked her died later with symptoms of poisoning and this is the probable the reason she moved to America or alternatively, she had moved to unite with her sister who had moved to USA earlier (Wilson, 2014). We will write a custom essay sample on Serial Killers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Serial Killers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Serial Killers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Belle’s first victim was the husband she married in 1893 from Chicago. Initially, the couple seemed happy and had a confectionary store. They had four children and one foster child living with them. The confectionary store business did not flourish well as Belle expected, but the building harboring the store caught fire, and they were compensated by the insurance cover. It is alleged that Belle had secretly started the fire (Gibson, 2009). Two of their children died from acute colitis; however, acute colitis symptoms resemble poisoning that makes many suspects that Belle could still have poisoned them. The two kids had an insurance cover that made Belle richer. Her husband died later; the doctors gave a report that his heart gave out. Belle was further compensated for around 8000 dollars by the insurance company; a colossal amount of money then. She bought a farm in La Porte and shortly after purchasing the farm, a section of it burned down; she was compensated further by the insurance companies. She later met her second lover who was a widower with two kids (Gibson, 2009). They moved together with each partner contributing two children to the family. They younger daughter of Mr. Gunness died shortly after marriage from unknown causes. In 1902, she killed Mr. Gunness using a meat chopper, the foster daughter witnessed the scenario but the coroner was convinced that she was innocent on the issue since she was pregnant (Glyn, 2011). She later cashed over 3000 dollars from her husband’s insurance policy. Luckily, Mr.Gunness elder daughter was taken by her uncle who most likely saved her from death (Gibson, 2009). Long-term impact of losing a baby from criminality while pregnant can be linked to emotion problems like depression and anxiety. Such memories of loss might have always made her shocked and angry. She may remember a series of events leading to the death of the kid and hence blame herself that has long-term effect and magnification over time instead of reduction (Glyn, 2011). Belle was not born in USA and migrated there; people migrate in search for a better life although migrating can have a negative impact to some personalities causing stress that affects one’s mental health and well-being. The combination of the migration process together with her traumatic loss might have contributed to change of personality and hence converting her into a serial killer. From her previous experience, finding a new place with vast and different cultures must have been daunting and scary for her. The only way she could have coped is by getting herself occupied and busy. Her children had insurance policies, and some believe that Belle killed the children to benefit from the policies. Belle killed two of her children namely Axel and Caroline. The above allegations might have been true; Belle was financially struggling after emigrating to U.S.A. Her desperation for money might have degraded her attachments to the importance of life. Belle was very violent in her killings. She cut the body of the victims and threw them to pigs and usually killed her lovers using Sausage graders. Though Belle greatest motivation might have been money, she still possessed a deep-seated anger of those that she had killed or harmed in the past. Violence might have been one of her ways of releasing this self-blame and anger while increasing her wealth and developing independence. Another fascinating incidence is where Belle tried to poison some of her victims, some psychologists believe that there was hierarchy in her killings but basing the argument on her victims, there is no logical reasoning behind the method she chose to kill her victims. Poisoning is equivalent to cutting someone into pieces and ensures one suffers and writhes in pain before dying. Almost all her victims had to suffer before dying. It is symbolic in that it might have been a way of mimicking her experience with miscarriage. It is apparent that Belle lacked conscience or empathy; she normally used blatant deception to attract her victims. Belle was a very cold woman; she could carry out abortions and also claim that unknown children are hers only to kill them. She lured men with her wealth and then killed them together with their children. Belle disappeared; there is a probability that she escaped unnoticed since she was a very determined woman who was very selfish, and probably she faked her death (Hickey, 2012). Charles Manson Charles Manson was born in November 12, 1934 by a teenage mother who had run away from home at the age of 15. His mother was a total drunkard and could not care for him; he spent his youth with his relatives, reform schools and boys homes. He started involving in car stealing and general burglary. He was arrested severally and after release in 1954 on parole for the good behavior, Manson married Rosalie Willis and gave birth to a son Charles Manson Jr. Charles Manson had continued to make extra cash from stealing cars, and his wife divorced him after discovering it (Fox Levin 2003). He was arrested again in 1960 and spent six years in prison. In the prison, he met Alvin Karpis, who was a member of Ma Barker’s gang. Alvin taught Manson to play steel guitar and became obsessed by music; he wrote several songs and started singing. He was strongly convinced that once outside the prison he would become a famous musician. He was released in 1967. Equipped with guitar and expertise in stealing and drugs, Manson started to gather followers. The Beach Boys recorded one of the Manson songs titled â€Å"Never Learn Not to Love† because he was their close ally. He managed to make a cult of â€Å"the Family†. He predicted a war between the blacks and the whites in 1968 after listening the song from the Beatles namely â€Å"Helter Skelter† (Manson, 2006). After the supposed war had failed to happen, Manson resulted into violence and had to show the blacks how to do it. He directed his followers to kill specific people, at one incidence they attacked the house of Terry Melcher, who had failed to support Manson’s music career and killed all the occupants. Investigators landed on him, and he was arrested together several of his followers. He was sentenced to death, but the death penalty was outlawed that saw Manson spend the rest of his life in Jail (Hendrickson et al., 2007). On many cases alcohol has been termed as a family problem, it does not only affect those taking it, but also the family members and the people surrounding the family (Atchison Heide 2011). Studies have shown that children who grow up in alcoholic families experience emotional problems that if not well monitored can result to destructive behavior. Alcohol makes the children feel insecure, anxious and vulnerable. Children of alcoholics find it very hard to cope in life. Such memories from a child can make them internalize their sadness hence becoming withdrawn. They might also try to deny these facts and try to pretend that nothing happened. Some like Charles Manson opted to resolve their internal sadness through violent behavior. Charles was also small in stature and probably suffered from ‘short man syndrome.’ There is a history of short men being associated with violence; one good example is Hitler Adolf. This does not mean that all short men are aggressive. Inferiority complex can play a role in violent behavior basing the argument on the fact that there were other underlying factors in our case. Small men experience pressure to display their masculinity in the current world that is dominated by one personal appearance. Combined with biological influences, this can be a very dangerous concoction in the society. At the age of 12, Charles had raped another boy, not necessarily that he was gay but might have been a mechanism to gain dominance by demeaning the boy. Charles had other frustrations; he had tried unsuccessfully to join the music industry by pursuing his music career (Purdy, 2014). Such frustrations combined with his chaotic childhood might have contributed to the personality of Charles Manson we know today. Naming two of his children after himself indicated his narcissistic and self-centered personality. He viewed his children as an extension of self. Charles Manson usually saw something in the song lyrics of the Beatles titled Helter Skelter. The song was produced and released when Charles was predicting a racial war. If someone is strongly convinced, then most probably will try their best to ensure what they believe comes true. This is very easily associated with music where the message in song lyrics is subject to interpretation by the listener with disregard to musicians’ initial message. Charles had predicted race war and the song Helter Skelter intensified his believe (Psychologytoday, 2014). Narcissistic characters are normally very composed and have a tendency of attracting the attention; Charles did not commit his murders directly and only convinced his followers to commit them. It is through his charisma that made him a very effective leader to his followers. They viewed him like a ‘God’ whom the followers believed that they must obey and believed that he requested all what was essential to be done. Charles had much confidence in himself and rated himself highly; he could not participate in doing something that he could get others doing and hence has no record of killing his victims directly. People have been emailing him in prison that indicates his power to captivate and command respect (Psychologytoday 2014). Ted Bundy Ted Bundy was born on November 24. He performed well at school and was normally uneasy in the environment since his peers were extremely rich and had to change and join Sophomore University to cover his financial insufficiency (Rule, King, BBC Audiobooks America, 2009) It was in 9167 when he met a lady who shared skill and passion with him and usually sent much of their time together. His lover was rich and sophisticated, and Bundy had exaggerated his accomplishments to impress her. The lady found the real character and background of Bundy and decided that he lacked a brighter future hence left him. He experienced a great depression that made him drop out of school. During this period he discovered that the woman she referred to as the sister was his mother, and his grandfather was actually his father (Crocker, 2000). His energy was rejuvenated after learning these facts that made him drop his shyness and went back to college where he graduated with a Bachelors degree in psychology. Bundy worked tirelessly to ensure that Governor Dan Evans was reelected and after he was reelected considered Bundy for a post in Seattle Crime Prevention Advisory. This was his best period because now he was a successful politician and had both his old girlfriend and his new catch (Bundy et al., 2005) He began serial killing in 1974 with two ladies who were sailing. He later joined Utah University Law School he tried to attack a lady by the name Carol DaRonch unsuccessfully, and few hours later 17 years old girl was reported missing. A grave of bones was discovered in the Washington forest and later identified as belonging to the two lost ladies in Washington and the 17 years old girl (Dekle, 2011). Through investigations, a profile of a man known as ‘Ted’ was created that comprised of descriptions of the car, his blood group and approaches he used to lure his victims. From the investigations, they were able to determine that the serial killer had the capability to move from state to state. He did several killings in Colorado, and all the victims had similar contusions on their head and through the same manner of death (Crocker, 2000). Ted Bundy was arrested in 1975 on suspicion of burglary and later charged with kidnapping after the items picked from his car resembled those collected from various crime scenes. He was charged and jailed for 15 years after being found guilty of murdering DaRonch. Other charges followed later. He was his own lawyer and had the freedom to walk without leg irons. He tried to escape from the courtroom by jumping out of the window and was captured a week later. He escaped from prison again and rented an apartment near Florida University. He killed more women and was seen by an eyewitness, Nita Neary, who keenly observed him. He also left a mask at one of the crime scenes that was similar to the one found in his car during his first arrest. He was arrested again in February 1978. He was found guilty of all the murder charges and sentenced to death on an electric chair (Dekle, 2011). People who thought they knew Ted Bundy well had advocated his candidacy as the governor of Washington State. They knew very little about him since he could camouflage socially. Bundy Ted is one of the most notorious killers and before his execution in 1989 confessed to having killed 30 young women. He was educated and very charming and hence only few women could resist him. He also persuaded the law intellectually to save himself from Florida’s electric chair although finally he failed. Bundy had taken psychology classes and hence got information from him was very difficult. The psychologists grilling him normally found him very clean irrespective of the external evidence linking him to violent behavior (Barden, Maddux, Petty, Brewer, 2004). Bundy blamed his addiction to pornography for his violent behavior. Bundy crossed the line of erotic fantasy becoming a serial killer. Ted Bundy was a sexual psychopath and had sexual sadistic behaviors. He was very insecure and intelligent, insecure because majority of his classmates were wealthy. He was a very shy guy who had a strong dependency on women and hence had fear of being humiliated by women. He rarely dated and mostly stayed lonely. Ted Bundy started his violent life with burglarizing homes and shoplifting; he usually assaulted women sexually before eventually killing them. Majority of his victims were single white women. He killed across different states that showed that he used a vehicle to access his victims (Aamodt Moyse 2003). It is suspected that his serial killings were triggered by his college charming girlfriend who left him desperately. Bundy also had thought that his mother was his sister, and it was rumored that his father was also his grandfather. Bundy was a Serial killer who did a lot of planning to kill his victims. He knew how to conceal evidence having attended law units and had a wide knowledge of police procedures; six of his victims have not been found yet (Krueger, 2009). Categories of serial killers It is not possible to completely understand and categorize serial killers but it is possible to evaluate their practices and methods in order to define what type of criminal they are. However, depending on the nature of their crime, Federal Bureau of Investigations has categorized serial killers in three different categories according to how they carry out their killings. Comprehending the category at which a serial killer can be categorized make it at ease for Federal Bureau of Investigations to investigate their crimes and bring them to justice. The categories of these serial killers help greatly on describing the type at which that serial killer falls into. These categories include organized, unorganized and mixed serial killers (Ramsland, 2006). Organized serial killers An organized serial killer is the most serial killer to capture and identify because he or she is very intelligent with an IQ ranging to almost 120. Nevertheless, their intelligence assists them so much to plan crimes well and in advance with much precautions so that no evidence can be got from the crime. In most cases, organized serial killers are married or they live with their girlfriends. They plan the crime before the chance occurs for weeks, months or even years before performing it. Organized serial killer often socialize with the victim and apply methods such as tricking and charming in order for the victim to be unable to overcome that situation (Mariotte, 2010). It is collective for this category of criminals to watch victims for numerous days before finding someone they can consider as a good aim. Organized serial killers are always aware of the growing compulsion to act their deadly desire. When the victim is chosen, this category of serial killer will pick them up, frequently through some kind of designed strategy in order to advance their compassion. Later, they take the victim to another place where they commit the killing. In simple terms, organized serial killers typically apply checks on the victim, whereby they bring a weapon and makes sure that the weapon is taken when they leave (Vronsky, 2004). After the victim is killed, this type of serial killer takes thorough precautions to ensure that the body cannot be identified or located. They even follow the reports of their crimes in the media and then travels to a different town or modify their job when they detect they can be noticed. In addition, organized serial killers keep improving their strategies by learning police investigative approaches and the longer they commit murders, the more impossible for the police to arrest them. One of the main motivating factors for this category of serial killers is that they even murder the officers who attempt to investigate their crime. Examples of organized serial killers include the likes of Ted Buddy who committed seventeen crime scenes without being noticed. Before he was identified by the police, he was undertaking a law course in a school of law therefore he had much of intelligence about law. It is understood that out of the seventeen crimes he committed, six of his victims have not been located up to now and that is why he considered himself as the only professor in serial killing (Thomas, 2010). Ted Buddy had a girlfriend and owned a car which he applied to commit his crimes. He could regularly park it in the college parking and pretend to have an injury on his leg, it is at this point where he could trick the aide especially girls and then commit the crime. Disorganized serial killers Contrary, disorganized serial killers do not plan about their crimes in any way. Their IQ ranges between 80 and 95 and it is considered as below the average. This category of serial killer can be described as insensible to the crime because in most cases, disorganized serial killer kills people at the wrong places and in the wrong time. Although, they do not plan their crimes, it is difficult to catch them than even the organized serial killers because they cannot be predicted. They have intense and vague deadly cases but what is odd about these cases is that they are not planned so they do not have a thought out plan of the crime. However, in contrary to organized serial killers, disorganized offenders do not cover up any sensible signs of their crime and have a habit of travelling from one state or town to another recurrently to avoid being apprehended (Ramsland, 2006). The dismay which occur at the crime scene may include evidence such as ejaculate, murder weapon and blood. They hardly have adjacent family or friends and therefore they stay in one place for just short time and then move to another place. In most of the crimes committed by disorganized serial killers, there is slight application of reskills since the victim is usually starved to unconsciousness when he or she encounter this disorganized serial killer. Moreover, the body of the victim is usually exposed to the public because it is often left where the crime take place, and it is endangered to unusual injuries. This category of killers is susceptible to have no remembrance of what they deed and most of them admit that they were inspired by opinions from other sources or by their own opinions. Contradictory, disorganized serial killers are not educated, trained and do not have any skills of what they are doing (Vronsky, 2004). Nevertheless, Crime Archives (2007) indicates Miguel Rivera as one of the disorganized serial killers. It is believed that between April 1972 and September 1973, Miguel Rivera haphazardly attacked young boys on the Upper West Side of New York and in apartment buildings in East Harlem. Miguel Rivera stabbed and sodomized eight years old boy for a maximum of thirty nine minutes and even attempted to cut his penis. In addition, the bodies of three other boys were found in different places; one in the hall, the next one in the basements, and the other one in the rooftops of various apartments, with their private parts cut off and wounded to death. When he was arrested, Rivera appealed that God had informed him to alter those boys into girls. Mixed serial killers The third category of serial killers is referred as mixed serial killers. These are the killers who cannot be easily differentiated as either organized or disorganized. Their crimes involve two or more criminals, whereby there may be unexpected happenings that the criminal had not scheduled for, therefore, the criminal may change the plans or victim may battle during the progression of a crime or over a succession. However, in this category of serial killers, the sort of crime comprise some evidence of planning because there is poor cover-up of the victim’s body. According to Vronsky (2004), the location of this kind of crime might be in a great panic meaning that there will be a great pact of physical violence experienced by the victim. Moreover, the criminal may be involved in alcohol and drugs or may be young. The good example of a mixed serial killer is Richard Ramirez who killed nineteen people between June 1984 and September 1985. It is believed that he murdered his victims in their homes casually and he overcame them with a wild offensive attack by applying dangerous force. When he was arrested, he said that he made a decision to murder the victims naturally at the scene. Unfortunately, the rooms which the crime occurred had cameras which captured forensic evidence because he had not masked his face. In contrary, Richard transported arms to the scene and also carried a police frequency scanner which consisted sequences of an organized serial killer (Thomas, 2010). Types of serial killers Research has shown that serial killers can only be classified in reference to their motives and organizational or social patterns. However, most of the serial killers do not fall into a single type, and many of them can be described in more than one type. But none of these types explain what might essentially result someone to be a serial killer. It is from the above categories that we get various types or sub-units of serial killers. Thrill seekers Thrill seekers are serial killers who enjoy overcoming the law, being pursued by the police and receiving attention from the media. One of the factor that distinguish thrill seekers from other serial killers is that they do not enhance privacy in their crimes. They keep sending message to each other and also expose their records of murders. In this case, it is reasonable to categorize thrill seekers as organized serial killers although they do not have advance plan in every crime they commit (Ramsland, 2006). Therefore, they can also be classified as unorganized serial killers. They often apply arms or raping the victims before they stab them to death. Once they kill the victim, they hide the victim’s body and proceed to the next victims where they employ the same tactics unless being caught. Thrill seekers serial killers can also be referred as hedonistic. Medical killers Medical serial killer is involved in medical killing and is very uncommon. Various people have been involved in the medical industry as a technique to carry out their wicked and immoral deeds. Medical killer feels they have the perfect protection since it is very common for people in a clinics to die. This type of serial killers can be categorized as organized because they are highly intelligent and have the idea on how to smartly and carefully cover their killings (Mariotte, 2010). This is because it appears that a victim has passed away naturally, meaning there will be no cause for anyone to sense vulgar play and investigate the crime. Research has indicated that only few medics in history have achieved to murder people before they are suspected. Mission oriented These are killers who claim to undertake murders as in favor of their society. Mission oriented serial killers carry out their crimes by eliminating certain people from the society because they feel that the society can move on without them. The kind of people eliminated include homosexuals or lesbians, drug dealers, young women and prostitutes (Thomas, 2010). These killers can be categorized as organized serial killers since their crimes are well planned and often have a controlled crime scene. Their aim is to modify the society by eradicating a specific group of people and this makes it very easy for investigators to track them. The motive that leads this serial killer to commit murder is intense hatred of a certain group of people. The hatred may be based on gender, race, religion or lifestyle. Control and power killers These are serial killers who enjoy their victims panic, shattering and suffering. Control and power killers can be categorized as organized serial killers and are motivated by various motives such as history of childhood mistreatment, which left them feeling poor and powerless as grown-ups. Most of these killers are similar to thrill seekers because they sexually abuse their victims but they are not inspired by moods of covetousness. They just apply rape to simply control the victim and this make them to be categorized as unorganized serial killers (Ramsland, 2006). Visionary serial killers This type of serial killers rarely experiences isolation from the society and sometimes have a belief that they can be considered in higher entities such as that of â€Å"God†. Visionary serial killers can further be divided into God-mandated and devil-mandated killers. These killers can be categorized as mixed serial killers and an example of such killers is David Berkowitz. This killer claimed to have received an order from demon through his neighbor’s dog to commit murder in his society. Subsequently, visionary serial killers tend to be more disorganized than other murderers thus easy to be tracked down. They are mostly motivated by their own mental illness or psychosis (Mariotte, 2010). Conclusion However, besides the above types of serial killers, there are also many other sub categories which make a serial killer unique based on the nature of crimes and their killing formalities. Most of the serial killers are motivated by different motives to commit their crimes and this can also influence the category at which a serial killer can be categorized. Some of the serial killers are named according to the creatures in the environment such as one of the female serial killer who was named with reference to the female black widow spider which always kills and digests its mates when it lay her eggs (Thomas, 2010). A spree killer is another type of serial killers who murders another person after already murdering someone else. Those serial killers who murders their victims because of sexual arousal can be referred as lust killers. Moreover, cults are considered as serial killers who create clubs that sacrifice people after acceptance of joining their clubs, they can also be referred as group killers. Generally, reality is never as good as dreams and this is why many serial killers choose to murder. Many serials killers are made and not born since they have the capability to balance with their environment. Serial killers seem absolutely normal, however, but beyond all considerations, satisfaction of their desires is the main motive which leads them to commit murder. This means that killings seem to fulfil their desires with the ultimate control over death and life. References Aamodt, M. G., Moyse, C. (2003). Researching the multiple murderer: A comprehensive bibliography of books on specific serial, mass, and spree killers. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. doi:10.1007/BF02802609 Atchison, A. J., Heide, K. M. (2011). Charles Manson and the Family: The Application of Sociological Theories to Multiple Murder. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. doi:10.1177/0306624X10371794 Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., Brewer, M. B. (2004). Contextual Moderation of Racial Bias: The Impact of Social Roles on Controlled and Automatically Activated Attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.1.5 Bundy, T., De, F. R., Bianchi, K., Clark, D., Finadin Ltd., Dark Sky Films (Firm), Zia Film Distribution LLC. (2005). The serial killers: Disc 2. Orland Park, Ill.: Dark Sky Films.

Organ Donation is a means of showing love Essays

Organ Donation is a means of showing love Essays Organ Donation is a means of showing love Paper Organ Donation is a means of showing love Paper Nowadays, healthcare practitioner’s especially in nursing faces lots of ethical issues and they will still be facing in the future and the more when the technology is getting more developed. One of which is the Organ Transplantations. Organ Transplantation is very rampant especially in countries with rising technologies in health care. If a certain family needs the organ but does not win in the bidding being done, then they would not get the organ We can not deny that Organ Donation is a means of showing love and concern to others. It gives a good reputation to the individual, especially when he dies because he has helped someone or has supported someone else’s life. But sometimes, the real meaning of giving motivated by love is already out of the context. For people, because of lack of finances gambles to donate a part or an organ. Nurses in this case, have a lot of moral issues to face with.   As a healthcare practitioner they have the duty to take care and preserve human life and dignity. That is, the body we have, is entrusted to us by God and therefore we should not let it be sold. To treat human body parts as commodities violates the Human Dignity. Even if the motive is to help others, the end still just not justifies the means of doing it. Human life is sacred and must be taken care of. As health workers they are face with different changes in the delivery of health care services to the society. In this situation, the nurses are in between the Philosophy which God has established in His word and the uprising technology in their fields. They are much affected with it because as nurses, it is their vows and promise to preserve the human life but organ transplantations as understand by some is just totally deviating from God’s perspective and in His view in giving. Some individuals would make it just a business. Yes, their reason might be is to help but underneath it is the idea of making large amounts of money. Nurses, on the other hand do their part in talking to families who have just lost someone about transplantation. A health care giver also needs to be educated in a proper way about what organ donation is really all about. It is the nurses’ job to talk and approach donors and their families regarding the organ transplantation. They should show the love and support that the family needs. Whatever reasoning is being done still it violates God’s laws. It does not respect the human lives. Nurses are compromising the Sanctity of Human Life. Nurses are sandwiched in the perspective of the rising technology of this world and Heavenly laws. Many ethicists find it so immoral to sell an organ because for them, God gave it to you and He entrusted it to you and for you. Therefore, as stewards we should do anything that could break the real purpose of God in us. Hence, as nurses they have a great responsibility. So they should do things to educate the individuals in the society about the process. They should explain that organ transplantation is not merely harvesting a person’s organs but it has a deeper purpose, a deeper meaning. They should show respect in the patient’s body so as not to deviate from the norms and prevent ethicists from arising and in throwing issues that health care providers are much affected of. Reference: Transplantation. New Standard Encyclopedia.   Page 363. Volume 17.

A New Deal for Blacks by Harvard Sitkoff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A New Deal for Blacks by Harvard Sitkoff - Essay Example However, Sitkoff notes that the New Deal did not entirely succeed in abolishing the killing of Blacks and did not improve upon their legal, social and economic standing. But the author holds that the New Deal played a major role in providing Blacks with immense influence in the federal government for addressing their apprehensions. It also included civil rights into the agenda of the Democratic Party. Moreover, the New Deal provided considerable hope to them as the federal government started paying attention to their cause, which was being entirely ignored for several decades (Sitkoff, 1978). Sitkoff is of the belief that although Blacks did not prosper much in America, they suffered the maximum during the Depression and were literally starving during the period prior to the New Deal. The whites had been holding marches to protest against allowing employment for Blacks until all whites were provided with jobs. Very few Blacks held public offices and they rarely had the opportunity to get college education. Sitkoff writes that the political advisors of President Roosevelt were always vetting his decisions so that no white from the South felt insulted. Although the outcomes could not be verified immediately, the initiatives taken by Roosevelt amounted to fighting against traditional practices and thoughts regarding racial inequality, which provided hope to African Americans that the federal government had started showing signs of caring for them. Sitkoff asserts that another factor leading to the fight against racial discrimination was the change in racial attitudes during the 1930s. The issue of race in politics was diluted whereby black votes began to be viewed as a means to maintain balance of power that gave political parties incentives if they won their support. Nazism had considerably reduced the historical influence of racism and the Communist Party played an important role in creating racial parity. A number of research activities were undertaken during t he period to show that dark skin did not imply inferiority. Such moral judgments fought against the historical philosophies that Blacks descended from Canaan, which had till then implied that they were obliged to serve. There was a shift in popular culture, which justified the change from historical to moral judgments. Popular plays and movies were produced during this time, such as Mulatto, Never No More, Kneel to the Rising Sun and Green Pastures, which combined with other examples to reveal that thoughts relative to race were now changing. Sitkoff has discussed a number of events occurring during this period that led to change. During President Roosevelt’s time, there was a historical transformation as the Supreme Court dealt with a large number of cases pertaining to racial equality and issues regarding unconstitutional rulings, jury selections and voting rights. Americans realized the duplicity of the Jim Crow laws that espoused racial equality but did not implement the laws. Segregation and lynching became important issues for politicians and inter-racial organizations such as the Urban League and NAACP that became very active during the 1930s. These developments created hope for African Americans in terms of civil rights, which is why the author argues that the large number of happenings during this time resulted in recreation of moral judgments towards Blacks. In his book, Sitkoff has

Internal controls Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internal controls - Case Study Example b) I would bribe the salesperson to make an invoice which is much less than the original amount and later share the profit with this employee. Later, I can also return some items and claim a much higher amount than the actual value of the items. This would help us double charge the company and defraud a much higher amount from Richard’s Furniture Company. Also the assistant manager and manager can defraud the company by manipulating the sales records by joining hands and prepare understated sales report and keep some cash with them. c) The company works on the double checking principle. The records are checked thrice. Another important strength of the company is that invoices makers and the cashier are different people. Data Entry Accountants sit in the head office and cashier and accountants have no link. This leads to transparency. The company also has assistant manager and manager to review the entire process. Bank reconciliation is also used to make sure that frauds are minimized. Since cashier and invoice makers are different people, they can be held accountable. There is a trace for the company to find out who made the mistake. A wrong invoice is the mistake of the sales person and if cash collection is less than it is the fault of the cashier. Similarly, cashier and sales persons cannot defraud the company without the support of the customer because they cannot manipulate the books as accountants sit in the head office and they have no say whatsoever in the daily operations of the business. All of this h elps the company to attribute the fraud to the fraudsters and to make sure that the strong control is levied by having independent people for accounting, cash collection and invoice making. This would keep a check on all people and chances of frauds would be minimized. d) The company can minimize the customer risk

A Comparative Analysis on the Socio-Cultural Theories of Marx Essay Example for Free

A Comparative Analysis on the Socio-Cultural Theories of Marx Essay Over the years, the names Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Friedrich Nietzsche have been very dominant in the field of sociology, psychology, economics, and politics. In discussing the concepts of communism and materialism, the theories of Karl Marx cannot be disregarded. For Marx, the major influential factor in human history is economics (Cline 2008). According to Marx, even in the past, people were not moved by ostentatious ideas but rather by material things that helped them live and survive. Marx’s studies and theories also deal with explaining the roots of the collision of classes—the wealthy and labour classes. The conflict between the wealthy and labour classes became inevitable because of the rise of capitalism. Due to capitalism, there has been a separation between these two classes. The wealthy continue to own properties and acquire labourers as modern slaves to work for them in their businesses, while the labourers continue to struggle for what little they have, and they have to work day and night just to survive. It is also because of capitalism that the scarcity of resources has increased, and this made the conflict between the classes even worse. For Marx, everything is built upon the foundations of economics. All the prominent social and economic institutions as well as other organizations can only be understood well if they will be associated with economics. Moreover, Marx expressed that oftentimes, people tend to think that their ideas actually root from truth, beauty, love and other grand concepts, but in actuality, those ideas are from class interest and class conflict (Cline 2008). On the other hand, as compared to Marx, Emile Durkheim was better known for his studies of the communication process in relation to sociological analyses. The main idea of Durkheim’s theory notes that the civilization of human beings is a result of communication (Book Rags 2008). Their psychological nature becomes cultural forces, and the material and economic life becomes the community and the society. Aside from this, Durkheim also became a prominent figure in the field of sociology. He explained the nature of the society with an evolutionary approach, regarding society as an organism that has a specific structure and function (University of Regina 2002). According to Durkheim, although a society is composed of individuals, he pinpointed that a society is not simply a sum of individuals; rather, it has an identity and existence of its own that is different from the individuals that are part of it. He further added that it is the society that is influencing the individuals through norms, social facts, sentiments, and social currents, rather than the individuals influencing the society as a whole. Durkheim’s sociological ideas also posed a concern towards social order. He tried to find out how a modern society remains intact given people’s differences, individualism, and autonomy of individuals (University of Regina 2002). Eventually, Durkheim was able to find the answer and explained it in his book, ‘The Division of Labour in Society’. In the book, Durkheim defined and explained the concepts of social solidarity, common consciousness, and systems of law which he also connected to the idea of forced division of labour. However, he claimed that such forces in the society will not always be effective in creating solidarity. Thus, there will be disruptions in solidarity and consciousness because of the social changes. This chain of ideas introduces the concept of anomie or suicide, which Durkheim considered as a naturally occurring phenomenon in every society. Durkheim also expressed his ideas about social action. In explaining this concept, he took the structuralist approach. He considered the social structures to exert a strong influence on social action (University of Regina 2002). He believed that the collective thoughts, beliefs, practices, and consciousness of individuals can indeed make a difference in a lot of ways. Max Weber shared the same position as Marx in terms of alienation in relation to former’s views about the inevitable rationalisation and bureaucratisation of the world (The Hewett School n. d. ). Both of them agreed that it was the modern methods of organisation which drastically increased the effectiveness and efficiency of production. Both of them also concurred that these modern methods paved the way for the exceptional domination of man over nature. They also shared the same opinion of the modern world with such rationalized efficiency—that it threatens to transform into a monstrous being and dehumanize its creators (The Hewett School n. d. ). However, Weber opposed Marx’s claim that alienation is only a transitional stage towards man’s true liberation. Ha also denied that inevitable characteristic of socialism. Previously, Marx noted that capitalism caused the lowering of the worker class in the mode of production. However, Weber argued that this situation cannot be avoided in a rationally coordinated system. Weber further added that men cannot participate in socially significant actions anymore unless they join a larger organization. It is through these organizations that men get to sacrifice their own goals and desires for the sole aim and objective of the organization. Thus, people get to take off a part of them and therefore get to be alienated. Lastly, Friedrich Nietzsche was known in his arguments about the core and foundations of morality. Unlike Marx, Durkheim, and Weber, Nietzsche’s theories are more inclined to morality, and he was more into arguing for concepts that relate to religion. However, his theories posted a huge significance in the fields of sociology, economics, and politics as well. His moral philosophy is primarily critical in orientation. With his philosophy, he attacked morality both for its commitment to weak descriptive claims about human action and also for the adverse impact of its distinctive norms and values on the budding higher types of human beings—or what he calls the ‘higher men’ (uberman) (Zalta 2007). This idea of higher men explains that, above all other motivations, human behaviour is motivated by the will to power. He also became known in his arguments regarding the foundations of traditional Christianity. For Nietzsche, the creativity and realities of the world are more important than any consideration of any worlds beyond (UK Apologetics 2007). Aside from this, he also had several beliefs which proved his interest to challenge the tradition and beliefs of Christianity. Nietzsche believed that the goal of a human’s life must be to find his/her true self and not to help others. He also believed that sexuality does not really oppose virtues; rather, it is a virtue in its own right. Furthermore, he also argued that the highest virtue an individual can have is to be true to him- or herself. Thus, Nietzsche’s ideas can be observed to have a sense of selfishness. However, it can be explained that he has this kind of belief since his exposure and genre are that which believe in the power of the human will alone and not of any greater being. Upon analyzing the theories and theorists mentioned above, I observed that all their ideas contribute a lot to the developments of the society nowadays. The first three theorists dwell more on the economic side. They explained the effects of capitalism, social classes, and the harmony of relationships within a society. On the other hand, Nietzsche observed the moral part which the first three theorists seemed to have overlooked. Looking at our modern society now, everything seems affected by multimedia. If only Marx, Durkheim, Weber, and Nietzsche still exist today, they might probably look at multimedia as one of the most powerful forces that has the ability to shape a society. However, relating their theories to the modern concepts of multimedia today, Durkheim’s concepts seem to have the greatest relevance to it. This is because Durkheim regarded communication as a shaping factor of civilization. By this, he meant that communication (which includes multimedia nowadays) is one of the forces that pave the way for human organization (Book Rags 2008). Communication or multimedia in the modern perspective can also be interpreted—using Durkheim’s view—as the mould which makes or shapes a society. Thus, a society without the practice of communication cannot be considered a civilized society (Book Rags 2008). Putting this into modern context, a society without the practice of multi-media—which can be considered as one of the most powerful means of communication at present—is a society which has not yet reached development. List of References Cline, A. (2008). ‘Religion as Opium of the People’. About. com [online]. Available from http://atheism. about. com/od/philosophyofreligion/a/marx. htm? p=1 [29 October 2008] Book Rags (2008). Durkheim, Emile (1858-1917) [online]. Available from http://www. bookrags. com/research/durkheim-mile-1858-1917-eci-01/#bro_copy [29 October 2008] The Hewett School (n. d. ). Weber and Marx [online]. Available from http://www. hewett. norfolk. sch. uk/CURRIC/soc/WEBER/wm. htm [29 October 2008] University of Regina (2002). Conservative Approaches [online]. Available from http://uregina. ca/~gingrich/s16f02. htm [29 October 2008] Zalta, E. Ed. (2007). ‘Nietzsche’s Moral and Political Philosophy’. Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy [online]. Available from http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/nietzsche-moral-political/ [29 October 2008] UK Apologetics (2007). Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) [online]. Available from http://www. ukapologetics. net/truthaboutnietzsche. html [29 October 2008]

The United States Constitution Compared to the Communist Manifesto Essa

The United States Constitution Compared to the Communist Manifesto Both the Communist Manifesto and the United States Constitution share some common ideas. They are documents that strive for ideas that in opposition to one another. The Communist Manifesto and The Constitution of the United States both include what the relationship between an individual and society should be about. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto. Marx and Engels talked about in the Communist Manifesto what they thought to be the way to solve the problems in the world during that time. Those problems dealt with society, but mainly the poor. They thought that people during those times were too dependent on money and how much of it they made. They wrote the manifesto in hopes to change society. The form of government they used to do this was by way of the Communist Party. "The Communists, therefore, are on the one hand, practically, the most advanced and resolute section of the working-class parties of every country"[i] Within the Communist Party e veryone is equal, and all property belongs to the state. The Constitution of the United States on the other hand was written to restrict the amount of power the government could have. It allows people to have property unlike the Communist Manifesto. Within the Constitution, it is stipulated that the people have control over how much power the government has. According to the first amendment in the Constitution, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grieva... ...heir own liberty and freedom. The idea of what liberty and freedom are is discussed quite differently within the two documents. The constitution calls for democracy, where an individual can have the right to choose what they want their role in society to be. The manifesto helps to explain communism, in which the government decides for each person what his or her role in society is. Notes [i] â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/treatise/communist_manifesto/mantwo.htm [ii] The United States Constitution† http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.billofrights.html#amendmenti [iii] â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/treatise/communist_manifesto/manone.htm [iv] â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/treatise/communist_manifesto/mantwo.htm